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Type I Diabetes: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Type I diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes or
juvenile diabetes. This form of diabetes is mainly found in
children. The primary problem in all forms of diabetes,
regardless if it is Type I or Type II is that the glucose (sugar)
levels of the body are too high.
In a healthy person, the beta cells in the pancreas produce a
hormone called insulin in response to sugar in the blood. The
sugar gets there through the food and drinks we consume.
Normally, the insulin helps to move the sugar from the
bloodstream and into the cells of the body where it can be used
for cellular processes. The insulin triggers gates located in the
membranes of the cells to open, allowing the sugar to flow
in.
A person with Type I diabetes can not make enough or any
insulin. This produces the abnormally high levels of glucose in
the bloodstream seen in these patients.
The question begs to be asked, "Why doesn't the body produce
insulin?" In Type I diabetes the culprit is the immune system.
Something, whether it be genetic or environmental is still not
clear, triggers the immune system to malfunction. Instead of
viewing the beta cells of the pancreas as "self", the immune
system sees the beta cells as foreign invaders. Doing what it's
supposed to do, which is attack and destroy invading cells, the
immune system in error attacks the beta cells.
Even though other beta cells can be produced by the pancreas,
the speed at which the immune system attacks and destroys is too
fast for the pancreas to keep up. Over time the amount of insulin
produced in response to sugar in the blood is diminished.
The result is high blood sugar. Insulin shots can control the
disease, however, there are currently treatments being studied
which may actually stop the immune system from attacking itself
which would bring about a natural halt to the problem.
Rachel Dayer runs and operates http://www.mustask.com, a health
related portal.
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